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The inability of male sperm to fertilize an egg is called male infertility. As a result, it becomes difficult to get pregnant. There are several causes of male infertility, but the most common causes of male infertility are sperm-related factors.
Most men with varicoceles do not have fertility problems. However, individuals with varicoceles have a higher rate of infertility than those without varicoceles. This difference may be due to the varicocele, which prevents the body from producing and storing sperm.
Infertility linked with genetic disorders is usually due to the production of abnormal sperms or lack of sperms. The genetic disorders that affect male fertility are Kleinfelter Syndrome, Cystic Fibrosis Gene Mutation, Y chromosome microdeletion, and other Chromosomal Abnormalities.
Retrograde Ejaculation is otherwise known as a dry orgasm. Although some men with retrograde ejaculation still ejaculate at some point, they might experience less fluid. In a few men, Retrograde ejaculation can lead to infertility. There is a minimal possibility of sperm fertilizing an egg when very little or no ejaculate leaves the body.
Men’s testicles produce adequate sperm; however, infertility may result if there is a problem with sperm transport that stops the sperm from leaving the testes and entering the ejaculate in the urethra or penis. The parts of the male genital tract where the obstructions occur are the Epididymis, Vas deferens, and the Ejaculatory duct.
When you are stressed, the quality of your sperm may be compromised, resulting in fewer sperm each time you ejaculate. They may not move as well, resulting in poor motility. It could be harder for couples to get pregnant if stress affects the male patient’s sperm quality.
Undescended testicles, also referred to as cryptorchidism, are conditions in which one or both testicles do not naturally descend into the scrotum. Due to poor testicular development or an increase in temperature when the testicle is outside of the scrotum, undescended testicles may affect fertility. Heat affects sperm production, and as a consequence, this becomes an issue.
A male patient’s fertility is not directly influenced by his erectile dysfunction problems. However, it can be a factor affecting the chance of conception.
For the male reproductive system to work properly, hormones are essential. The effectiveness of this system depends on the right hormone balance. Around 10% of all male factor infertility cases are caused by hormonal imbalances which can present themselves in a variety of ways, from poor sperm concentration to sexual dysfunction. In general, hormone abnormalities can be identified and treated.
The small intestine becomes very sensitive when the male patient suffers from celiac disease- this is because of gluten. The patient’s digestive tract would suffer problems over time due to the overactive immune system. In addition to this, many studies have revealed a relationship between celiac disease and infertility, thus leading to the inference that the former does cause the latter.
The consumption of many medications may affect a male patient’s fertility. Further, if the patient indulges in banned medication, the effects can be adverse. These must be avoided at every turn. Some of the drugs that cause infertility are Testosterone, Anabolic steroids, Alcohol, Tobacco, Marijuana, Narcotics, 5-alpha-reductase inhibitors, Alpha-blockers, Ketoconazole, and more.
Erectile dysfunction is one of the most prevalent and well-known of the world’s fertility issues. When a male patient is affected by it, his reproductive organ does not stay firm during sexual intercourse. High blood pressure, diabetes, blood vessel diseases, surgery that affects a man’s genitals or bladder, nerve problems or injury, hormonal problems, and depression are the main causes of erectile dysfunction.
An estimated 5% of sterility cases are thought to be immunological and associated with the existence of anti-sperm antibodies in either men or women. Because of the functions that macrophages and polynuclear neutrophils play in the initial and second stages of the spermatozoa’s demise, the production is higher in men than in women.
Cancer and related treatments can cause long-term damage to a male patient’s fertility. Common cancer treatments such as radiation therapy, alkylating chemotherapy, and surgery to treat prostate or bladder cancer can affect male patient’s fertility drastically. Ejaculatory problems can occur after surgery for testicular cancer or colon cancer in men.
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