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IVF is the most well-known and famous treatment among the assisted reproductive technology treatments. This fertility treatment is done to help the sperm fertilize the egg. The fertilized egg is implanted into the uterus by the IVF doctors to facilitate pregnancy. This process is done using the biological parent’s eggs and sperm, but a donor can be used in cases where that is not possible.
IUI involves injecting sperm into a woman’s uterus just before she ovulates. In this process, the sperm skips the part of bypassing the vagina and cervix thus increasing the chances of positive pregnancy. This treatment benefits the couple with minor fertility issues.
PGD is a testing procedure that is used to diagnose if an embryo has the same genetic disorders as those whose egg and sperm were fused to create it. A PGD is a test used to assess the growth of the embryo. Preimplantation genetic screening (PGS), on the other hand, describes methods for checking for aneuploidy in embryos from parents that are thought to have genetic chromosomes.
This procedure is preferred for couples who experienced multiple IVF failures. These failures usually take place because, the skin of the embryo does not thin and allow it to ‘hatch’ out of it. Assisted hatching is suggested when the female patient’s IVF prognosis is very poor- this procedure would help increase the chances of pregnancy for them.
Freezing or vitrification is an advanced cryopreservation technique in which eggs, sperm, and embryos will be stored for later purposes. Healthy embryos, eggs, and sperm will be stored to use for the second cycle of fertility treatment if the first cycle fails.
When male patients have a low sperm count, sperm recovery is done, surgically. Many options are available for sperm to be surgically removed- Testicular Sperm Extraction (TESE), Testicular Sperm Aspiration (TESA), Microscopic Testicular Sperm Extraction (MicroTESA) and Microscopic Epididymal Sperm Aspiration (MESA).
There may be instances where female patients may be found to have anatomical issues that make it difficult for them to conceive a child or carry a fetus. These issues include fallopian tube issues, uterine septa, endometrial polyps, and uterine fibroids. When such a diagnosis is made, there are surgical options to be considered.
This is a type of procedure used to preserve a person’s ability to have children. This is done if a couple plans for late pregnancy and decides to freeze their egg and sperm. This is also done before a medical treatment that may cause infertility such as therapies to treat cancer.
A small sample of a woman’s endometrial lining is taken for the Endometrial Receptivity Analysis (ERA), a genetic test that identifies the ideal day to transfer the embryo during an IVF cycle. Endometrial receptivity can be one of the causes of infertility in women who have had two or more unsuccessful embryo transfers after in vitro fertilization (IVF), performing an endometrial receptivity analysis can be immensely useful.
Embryo transfer is the final stage of IVF treatments. Here, the fertilized egg is placed in the woman’s uterus. By now, it will ideally implant and cause pregnancy for the female patient. The embryo is transferred by loading it into a catheter tube and depositing it into the uterus.
For couples who are trying to have a child, the timing of intercourse is a very important consideration. This is because fertilization only takes place in a certain period of the menstrual cycle, and in this time, the chances of a female patient becoming pregnant are higher than the others. There may be cases where the female patient may need assistance with ovulating as they may not be able to do it on their own- medication is available for these instances.
Preimplantation genetic screening (PGS) is often referred to as preimplantation genetic testing for aneuploidy (PGT-A). This test looks for chromosomal anomalies in embryos. PGT-M, or preimplantation genetic diagnosis for monogenic illnesses, is another name for PGD. Preimplantation genetic diagnosis, or PGD, can be used to screen each embryo and identify whether it has inherited the genetic disorder from couples.